ChemotherapyFDA-approvedFirst-line

Gemcitabine

How it works

Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog that interferes with DNA synthesis, causing cancer cells to die.

Cancer types

Pancreatic Cancer— All patients
Lung Cancer— All patients
Ovarian Cancer— All patients

Efficacy

Studies show that gemcitabine can improve survival in patients with pancreatic cancer, with a median overall survival of approximately 5.6 months.

Side effects

Moderate

Side effects can be significant and may require dose adjustments or supportive medication, but the treatment is usually continued.

Evidence from research

StudyCancer typeStageEfficacy
Testing Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel for Metastatic Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerphase-2—Source →
Gemcitabine and Nab-paclitaxel with TheraBionic P1 for Metastatic Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerphase-2—Source →
Testing a New Combination Therapy for Advanced Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerphase-1—Source →
Rosmarinic Acid Enhances Cancer Treatment in Lab ExperimentsOvarian Cancerlab-study—Source →
Evaluating Safety and Effectiveness of Misetionamide in Ovarian Cancer TreatmentOvarian Cancerphase-1—Source →
Testing AMP945 with Nab-paclitaxel and Gemcitabine for Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerphase-1—Source →
Gemcitabine-Modified MicroRNA May Help Fight Lung CancerLung Cancerlab-studyGem-miR-129 is a potent inhibitor, with an IC in the low nanomolar range in NSCLC cell lines.Source →
Pancreatic Cancer Trial Investigates New Combination TherapyPancreatic Cancerphase-2—Source →
Testing a New Cancer Treatment with Elimusertib and GemcitabinePancreatic Cancerphase-1—Source →
Pancreatic Cancer Treatment Trial: Surufatinib, Gemcitabine, and Nab-PaclitaxelPancreatic Cancerphase-2—Source →
Testing a New Way to Deliver Cancer Treatment for Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerphase-1—Source →
β-Hydroxybutyrate May Help Treat Non-Small Cell Lung CancerLung Cancerlab-study—Source →
Testing IBI343 in Combination with Other Treatments for Advanced Solid TumorsPancreatic Cancerphase-2—Source →
Testing Aerosol Gemcitabine for Solid Tumors with Lung MetastasesMelanomaphase-1—Source →
Testing ONT01 with Gemcitabine and Nab-paclitaxel for Metastatic Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerphase-1—Source →
Testing a New Device for Delivering Chemotherapy to Pancreatic Cancer PatientsPancreatic Cancerphase-1—Source →
Gemcitabine and Cisplatin with or without Veliparib for Advanced Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerphase-2—Source →
Testing ZN-c3 and Gemcitabine in Advanced Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerphase-2—Source →
PDK4's Role in Pancreatic Cancer Resistance to GemcitabinePancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Testing Combination Therapy for Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerphase-2—Source →
Testing a Combination Treatment for Unresectable Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerphase-1—Source →
Combination Therapy for Resectable Pancreatic Cancer Before SurgeryPancreatic Cancerphase-2—Source →
Testing ADI-PEG 20 with Gemcitabine and Docetaxel for Lung CancerLung Cancerphase-1—Source →
Testing Fostamatinib with Chemotherapy in Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerphase-1—Source →
Testing Cemiplimab Plus Gemcitabine for Metastatic Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerphase-2—Source →
Testing a New Combination of Chemotherapy Drugs for Advanced Ovarian CancerOvarian Cancerphase-1—Source →
Understanding Pancreatic Cancer Treatment ResponsePancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Testing a New Treatment for Advanced Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerphase-2—Source →
First-line Treatment Study for Metastatic Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerphase-3—Source →
Gemcitabine and WEE1 Inhibitor Trial for Recurrent Ovarian CancerOvarian Cancerphase-2—Source →
Gemcitabine, Dasatinib, and Erlotinib in Treating Advanced Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerphase-1—Source →
Testing Chemotherapy and Radiation for Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerpreclinical—Source →
New Compound Shows Promise in Treating Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Combining Camrelizumab with Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel in Pancreatic Cancer PatientsPancreatic Cancerphase-2The median overall survival was 14.0 months, and the median progression-free survival was 6.4 months.Source →
Gene BHLHE41 May Help Pancreatic Cancer Cells Respond Better to TreatmentPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Chemotherapy Combination Affects Lung Cancer Cells in Lab ExperimentsLung Cancerlab-study—Source →
IGF2BP2 helps cancer cells resist treatment in pancreatic cancerPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
OTUB1 linked to gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancerPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
New Nanoparticle Platform for Targeted Pancreatic Cancer TreatmentPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
REG3A linked to gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancerPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Comparing Treatments for Early Recurring Pancreatic CancerPancreatic CancerobservationalThe gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel group had a median overall survival of 14.5 months, compared to 11.1 months in the FOLFIRINOX group.Source →
Combining medications to treat advanced breast and ovarian cancerOvarian Cancerphase-1There were 3 major responses (1CR, 2PR) at DL1, and 1 CR at DL-1.Source →
Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer: A New Target for TreatmentPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
New Nanoparticles Help Deliver Cancer Treatment to Pancreatic Cancer CellsPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Gemcitabine and Flurbiprofen May Help Kill Pancreatic Cancer CellsPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Gold Nanoclusters Help Deliver Cancer Drug More EffectivelyBreast Cancerlab-studyThe resultant Gem-AuNCs-BSA showed enhanced delivery of drug and therapeutic effects for the treatment of breast cancer and lung cancer with better efficacy than free Gemcitabine.Source →
α-Asarone May Help Overcome Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Bacteria in Pancreatic Tumors May Affect Treatment EffectivenessPancreatic CancerobservationalHigh intratumoral bacterial abundance impaired aGC efficacy (DFS 9.4 vs 19.1 months, p < 0.001; OS 19.4 vs 34.0 months, p < 0.001), which was mitigated by postoperative ABT application (DFS 7.9 vs 12.4 months, p < 0.001, OS 15.2 vs 29.6 months, p < 0.001).Source →
Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer Linked to Protein TSPAN15Pancreatic Cancerlab-studyVenetoclax, a targeted inhibitor of TSPAN15, exhibits synergistic efficacy when combined with gemcitabine for treating PDAC both in vitro and in vivo.Source →
New Approach to Treating Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Gemcitabine May Help Overcome Resistance to Leukemia TreatmentLeukemialab-study—Source →
Gemcitabine Signature Predicts Response in Pancreatic Cancer PatientsPancreatic Cancerphase-2The Gem+ patients who received adjuvant gemcitabine had significantly better median disease-free survival (DFS) compared to the Gem- patients (NR until 72 months of follow-up vs 19.0 months); stratified hazard ratio [HR]: 0.19; 95% CI, 0.04-0.86; P = .032Source →
Gemcitabine and Nab-paclitaxel Combination Therapy Linked to Lung Disease in Pancreatic Cancer PatientsPancreatic Cancermeta-analysis—Source →
Knocking Down a Gene May Help Pancreatic Cancer Cells Respond to TreatmentPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells may be weakened by targeting SLC5A3Pancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Researchers Identify Key Player in Pancreatic Cancer ResistancePancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Combining a new drug with gemcitabine may improve pancreatic cancer treatmentPancreatic Cancerlab-studyInhibition of AHR activity caused synergistic effects with gemcitabine, increasing effectiveness by 30-41%.Source →
Gemcitabine-Immunoglobulin Nanoparticles Target Pancreatic Cancer CellsPancreatic Cancerlab-studyThe IC of Gemcitabine for Panc-1 cancer cells dropped seven-fold when encapsulated in GIgG NPs.Source →
Gemcitabine-loaded nanoparticles show promise in treating pancreatic cancerPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Combining Gemcitabine and AZD 1775 May Improve Treatment for Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Combining CHK1 Inhibitor with Gemcitabine May Help Treat Lung CancerLung Cancerlab-study—Source →
Real-world Outcomes for Pancreatic Cancer TreatmentPancreatic CancerreviewIn 9/17 clinical studies, median overall survival (mOS) ranged from 4.7 months to 11.4 months for FFX/mFFX, with the unweighted median of the estimates within this range being 9.2 months.Source →
Long-Term Outcomes of Pancreatic Cancer TreatmentPancreatic Cancerphase-3The median overall survival was 31.6 months in patients given GemCap.Source →
Combining Nadunolimab with Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel in Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerphase-2The median overall survival was 13.2 months, and the 1-year survival rate was 58%.Source →
New Nano-Drug Delivery System Tested for Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
New Lab Model Helps Test Melanoma TreatmentsMelanomalab-studyThe results showed a significant impact on the co-culture distribution of cells, decreasing the population of cancerous cells after the administration of Gemcitabine.Source →
Comparing Chemotherapy Options for Advanced Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancermeta-analysis—Source →
Flurbiprofen May Enhance Gemcitabine Treatment for Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Pancreatic Cancer Models Show Resistance to GemcitabinePancreatic Canceranimal-study—Source →
Combining Gemcitabine and Erlotinib May Improve Pancreatic Cancer TreatmentPancreatic Cancermeta-analysisGem-Erlo significantly improved disease control rate (DCR) [odds ratio (OR) =1.74; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03 to 2.92; P=0.04].Source →
Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer CellsPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Combining Nimotuzumab and Gemcitabine May Improve Pancreatic Cancer TreatmentPancreatic Cancerphase-2After treatment, PR ratio, SD ratio, ORR, and DCR in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and PD ratio was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05)Source →
Gemcitabine Chemotherapy May Increase Pancreatic Cancer SpreadPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
New Delivery Method for Cancer Drug Shows PromisePancreatic Cancerlab-studyThe in vivo pharmacokinetics revealed approximately 4-fold higher bioavailability of GEM-NPs in comparison with free GEM.Source →
Pancreatic Cancer Research Uncovers Complexity in Testing TreatmentsPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Parthenolide May Help Treat Pancreatic Cancer Cells Resistant to GemcitabinePancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer Linked to Mitochondrial MetabolismPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Combining Interferon-Alpha and Gemcitabine May Help Treat Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Gemcitabine Resistance Spreads in Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
New Delivery Method for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment Shows PromisePancreatic Cancerlab-studyLipotcGem inhibited tumor growth by 70% in subcutaneous xenograft model and 90% in orthotopic xenograft model, respectively.Source →
Pancreatic Cancer Treatment Comparison in MoroccoPancreatic CancerobservationalThe median overall survival was 6 months for patients treated with Folfirinox versus 3 months for those treated with Gemcitabine.Source →
Combining two treatments may slow pancreatic cancer growthPancreatic Canceranimal-studySel-GemPac enhanced the survival of treated mice compared to controls (p < .05).Source →
Gemcitabine Affects Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula in Lung Cancer TreatmentLung Canceranimal-study—Source →
New Delivery Method for Pancreatic Cancer TreatmentPancreatic Cancerlab-studyLipodmGEM showed a greatly extended half-life (7.22 vs. 1.78 hours) compared to free GEM.Source →
Gemcitabine Sensitivity Predicted in Pancreatic Cancer PatientsPancreatic Cancerphase-3GemPred+ patients who received adjuvant GEM had a median disease-free survival of 27.3 months (HR, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.29 to 0.65]; p < .001) and cancer-specific survival of 68.4 months (HR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.27 to 0.66]; p < .001).Source →
Gemcitabine and Trabectedin Combination Shows Promise in Pancreatic Cancer CellsPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer: Understanding and OvercomingPancreatic Cancerreview—Source →
Gemcitabine Nanoparticles Show Promise in Treating Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Exosomes May Predict Chemotherapy Response in Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Researchers Identify Gene Involved in Pancreatic Cancer Resistance to TreatmentPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
New Cancer Treatment Combination Shows Promise in Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerphase-1/2Among the 21 patients treated at the maximum tolerated dose, 6 (29%) experienced partial response, and median progression-free survival and overall survival times were 11.0 months and 16.2 months, respectively.Source →
Marine-Derived Metabolite Enhances Effectiveness of Cancer DrugColorectal Cancerlab-study—Source →
GAS5 Gene May Help Overcome Resistance to Pancreatic Cancer TreatmentPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Combining Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel in Ovarian Cancer TreatmentOvarian CancerobservationalThe median progression-free survival was 9 months (95% CI, 5.7-20.7).Source →
Gemcitabine and Targeted Drugs in Pancreatic Cancer TreatmentPancreatic Cancerreview—Source →
Gemcitabine Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer: A Computer Model StudyPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Gene Therapy to Overcome Pancreatic Cancer ResistancePancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Heat Therapy and Chemotherapy for Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerphase-3Median post-recurrence survival was significantly prolonged in the GPH-group (15.3 versus 9.8 months; p = 0.031).Source →
Gemcitabine's Effectiveness in Pancreatic Cancer TreatmentPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Comparing Treatments for Advanced Pancreatic CancerPancreatic CancerobservationalThe adjusted difference in median overall survival was 3.2 months (95% CI, 1.1-7.4) for FOLFIRINOX compared to gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel.Source →
Gemcitabine Prodrug Shows Promise in Overcoming Cancer ResistancePancreatic Cancerlab-studyWRQ-2 exhibited high cytotoxicity against six cancer cell lines with IC values in the low micromolar range.Source →
Arsenic Trioxide Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer Cells to GemcitabinePancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Combining Nardoguaianone L with Gemcitabine May Improve Pancreatic Cancer TreatmentPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
New Insights into Pancreatic Cancer TreatmentPancreatic Cancerreview—Source →
Combining Plant Extract and Gemcitabine May Help Treat Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Canceranimal-study—Source →
Link between Dicer enzyme and pancreatic cancer metabolismPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Combining drugs to treat pancreatic cancerPancreatic Cancerreview—Source →
Gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel for elderly pancreatic cancer patientsPancreatic CancerobservationalThe median overall survival was 10.8 months in the gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel group.Source →
MicroRNA-497 May Help Overcome Pancreatic Cancer ResistancePancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Pancreatic Cancer Cells May Resist Treatment with Gemcitabine and TRAILPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer Linked to Energy MetabolismPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel Not Cost-Effective for Advanced Pancreatic CancerPancreatic CancerobservationalMean survival was lower for patients in the Gem-Nab than the FOLFIRINOX group (0.98 vs 1.26 life-years; incremental effectiveness = -0.28 life-years [95% confidence interval = -0.47 to -0.13]).Source →
Gemcitabine Treatment May Be More Effective Against Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Canceranimal-studyEC-FAK loss reduced liver and lung metastasis load and improved survival rates in gemcitabine-treated mice.Source →
Gemcitabine Chemotherapy May Be Enhanced by Calcium Channel Blockers in Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
FOLFIRINOX as Second-Line Treatment for Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancermeta-analysisFOLFIRINOX had a significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52, 0.89) and overall survival (OS) (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.59, 0.86); and a significantly better objective response rate (ORR) (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.23, 0.80) and disease control rate (DCR) (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.58, 0.88).Source →
New Cancer Treatment Shows Promise for Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Combination Therapy for Esophageal Cancer Shows PromiseLeukemiaphase-3The total treatment efficiency in the study group was 86%.Source →
Glucose Solution May Reduce Pain from Cancer TreatmentPancreatic CancerobservationalGlucose significantly decreased the frequency of GEM-induced vascular pain during the first GEM administration (36% vs. 55%, p=0.005).Source →
Targeted Cancer Therapy Using Gemcitabine ConjugatesLung Cancerlab-study—Source →
Combining GW8510 and Gemcitabine May Improve Pancreatic Cancer TreatmentPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer Linked to a Specific GenePancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer Linked to HAT1Pancreatic Cancerlab-studyHAT1 depletion caused a notable increase of gemcitabine sensitivity in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines.Source →
Testing Chemotherapy and Radiation for Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerphase-1—Source →
Gemcitabine Efficacy Enhanced by K73-03 in Pancreatic Cancer CellsPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Repurposing Existing Drugs to Improve Prostate Cancer TreatmentProstate Cancerlab-studyThe radiation sensitizer enhancement ratio (SER) of menadione was 1.02 in normoxia and 1.15 in hypoxia, while the SER of gemcitabine was 1.27 in normoxia and 1.09 in hypoxia.Source →
Combining Rose Bengal with Gemcitabine May Improve Pancreatic Cancer TreatmentPancreatic Canceranimal-study—Source →
Gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel in older patients with pancreatic cancerPancreatic CancerobservationalMedian progression-free survival was 5.5 months, and overall survival was 12.0 months in the older group.Source →
Combining Cancer Treatment with Immune System BoostersColorectal Canceranimal-studyThe combined therapy prolonged median overall survival of Mlh1 mice from four weeks to 12 weeks.Source →
Gold Nanoshells Help Deliver Cancer TreatmentPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Pancreatic Cancer Recurrence Study Finds Factors Affecting SurvivalPancreatic Cancerphase-3—Source →
Combining Zebularine with Gemcitabine May Improve Cancer TreatmentPancreatic Cancerlab-studyZebularine increased cellular gemcitabine concentration by 2-fold, and when co-delivered with liposomes, increased it by 4-fold.Source →
Gemcitabine Sensitivity in Pancreatic Cancer Cells Improved by Restoring miRNA-217 LevelsPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Gemcitabine Works Better Against Pancreatic Cancer When RAGE is BlockedPancreatic Canceranimal-study—Source →
Comparing Treatments for Advanced Pancreatic CancerPancreatic CancerobservationalThe median disease control rates were 82.6% for gemcitabine with nab-paclitaxel and 67.9% for modified FOLFIRINOX.Source →
Combination Chemotherapy May Help Pancreatic Cancer PatientsPancreatic Cancerphase-2The rate of progressive disease after three cycles of chemotherapy was reduced from 45.6% with gemcitabine to 25.4% with the combination of Nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine.Source →
Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer StudiedPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
New Approach to Overcome Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
New Chemotherapy Combination Shows Promise for Ovarian Clear Cell CarcinomaOvarian Cancerphase-1Two evaluable patients showed a partial response.Source →
Targeted Cancer Treatment Using Ultrasound-Activated LiposomesOvarian Cancerlab-studyCellular uptake of GMC-SoS Fo LPs improved 6.51-fold over GMC LPs under ultrasonic irradiation.Source →
Comparing Chemotherapy Options for Pancreatic CancerPancreatic CancerreviewFOLFIRINOX had significantly better overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS)/disease-free survival (DFS)/progression-free survival (PFS) compared to gem-cap and gem-nab/P.Source →
Combining Eribulin and Gemcitabine for Triple Negative Breast CancerBreast Cancerphase-2The overall response rate was 37.3% and the clinical benefit rate was 48.8%.Source →
Gemcitabine Derivative Shows Promise Against Pancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancerlab-study—Source →
Gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells identifiedPancreatic Cancerlab-studyPharmacological inhibition of MAOB significantly suppressed proliferation and tumor growth in both mPDAC-R and human PDAC cell lines.Source →

This information is provided for general education only and is not medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making treatment decisions.