Hormone therapyFDA-approvedAdjuvant
Tamoxifen
How it works
Blocks estrogen receptors on cancer cells, preventing them from receiving growth signals.
Cancer types
Breast Cancer— Hormone receptor-positive
Efficacy
Tamoxifen has been shown to reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence in hormone receptor-positive patients.
Side effects
Mild
Most people tolerate this treatment well. Side effects are generally manageable and do not require stopping treatment.
Evidence from research
| Study | Cancer type | Stage | Efficacy | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Optimising Tamoxifen Dose for Breast Cancer Treatment | Breast Cancer | phase-3 | — | Source → |
| Tamoxifen Benefit Linked to Tumour Microenvironment in Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer | phase-3 | Low immune abundance was associated with improved distant recurrence-free interval (DRFI) relative to untreated patients (log-rank p < 0.001). | Source → |
| New Tamoxifen Delivery System Shows Promise for Cancer Treatment | Breast Cancer | lab-study | — | Source → |
| Tamoxifen Treatment Linked to Eye Damage in Breast Cancer Patients | Breast Cancer | observational | — | Source → |
| Evaluating Zanidatamab in Early Stage HER2+ Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer | phase-2 | — | Source → |
| Antidepressant Use in Breast Cancer Patients May Affect Tamoxifen Efficacy | Breast Cancer | observational | — | Source → |
| Aromatase Inhibitors May Increase Fracture Risk in Breast Cancer Patients | Breast Cancer | observational | — | Source → |
| Nrf2's Role in Chemoresistant Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer | lab-study | — | Source → |
| miR-548as-5p May Help Overcome Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer | lab-study | — | Source → |
| Ovarian Function Suppression Reduces Breast Cancer Recurrence in Young Women | Breast Cancer | meta-analysis | — | Source → |
| New Tamoxifen-Based Compound Shows Promise Against Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer | lab-study | The IC values of (Z,Z)-1 were 9.18 μM (24 h) and 6.86 μM (48 h) against MCF-7 cells. | Source → |
| Tamoxifen Hybrids Show Promise in Treating Triple-Negative Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer | lab-study | Cu-tamoxifen showed a more profound tumor-reducing potential than tamoxifen alone. | Source → |
| Alternative Therapies and Breast Cancer Treatment Adherence | Breast Cancer | preclinical | — | Source → |
| Low-Dose Tamoxifen May Help Prevent Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer | meta-analysis | The overall mortality rate reduced after taking low-dose tamoxifen (p = 0.002). | Source → |
| Combining Plant Extract and Tamoxifen May Help Reduce Cancer Enzyme | Breast Cancer | animal-study | The combination of tamoxifen and E. bulbosa ethanol extract significantly reduced COX-2 levels to 3.86 ng/mL, close to the value observed in the negative control group (3.07 ng/mL). | Source → |
| Tamoxifen and Other Hormone Treatments for Invasive Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer | phase-3 | — | Source → |
| Tamoxifen vs Z-Endoxifen in Advanced Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer | phase-2 | — | Source → |
| Tamoxifen and Omega-3 for Breast Cancer Risk | Breast Cancer | phase-2 | — | Source → |
| Tamoxifen Dose Trial for Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer | phase-2 | — | Source → |
| Breast Cancer Prevention Trial | Breast Cancer | phase-2 | — | Source → |
| Tamoxifen Side Effects Linked to Genetic Variants in South African Breast Cancer Patients | Breast Cancer | observational | — | Source → |
| Tamoxifen-loaded Nanoparticles Improve Breast Cancer Treatment | Breast Cancer | lab-study | The particles were 6.21-fold more cytotoxic than free tamoxifen. | Source → |
| Tamoxifen Drug Interactions Depend on Genetic Variation and Inhibitor Strength | Breast Cancer | observational | — | Source → |
| Vaginal Tamoxifen May Help Postmenopausal Women with Vaginal Atrophy Symptoms | Breast Cancer | phase-2 | Women on vaginal tamoxifen were more likely to report no or minor symptoms after three months, OR 21.76 (95% CI 7.36 - 64.3). | Source → |
| Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer: A Key Player Identified | Breast Cancer | lab-study | — | Source → |
| Tamoxifen and Endometrial Health in Breast Cancer Patients | Breast Cancer | observational | — | Source → |
| Rare Breast Cancer Recurrence After 46 Years of Remission | Breast Cancer | observational | — | Source → |
| Tamoxifen Linked to Uterine Cancer through Non-Genetic Driver | Ovarian Cancer | lab-study | — | Source → |
| Tamoxifen Resistance Overcome with New Cancer Treatment Approach | Breast Cancer | lab-study | — | Source → |
| Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer: New Insights into Metabolic Changes | Breast Cancer | lab-study | Demethylation restored ASS1 expression and correspondingly reduced tamoxifen IC toward parental levels. | Source → |
| New Nanoparticles Help Target Breast Cancer Cells | Breast Cancer | lab-study | BA@mPEGA FA BSA NPs reduced LCC9 cell IC by 2.29-fold (pH 6.5) versus free BA+TAM. | Source → |
| Genetic Variants Affect Tamoxifen Use in Young Breast Cancer Patients | Breast Cancer | observational | — | Source → |
| Tamoxifen Therapy Benefits Vary by Menopausal Status in Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer | phase-3 | In premenopausal patients, a statistically significant tamoxifen benefit was observed for lymph node-negative (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.24 to 0.87), progesterone receptor-positive (adjusted HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.41 to 0.91), and genomic low-risk tumors (adjusted HR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.26 to 0.85) but only lasted beyond 10 years for genomic low-risk tumors. | Source → |
| USP30's Role in Breast Cancer Progression and Resistance to Tamoxifen | Breast Cancer | lab-study | — | Source → |
| CYP2D6 Genes Linked to Breast Cancer Outcomes | Breast Cancer | meta-analysis | — | Source → |
| Hormone Therapy Side Effects in Breast Cancer Patients | Breast Cancer | observational | — | Source → |
| Antidepressant Use Changes After Breast Cancer Treatment | Breast Cancer | observational | — | Source → |
| Tamoxifen-Loaded Nanoparticles for Targeted Breast Cancer Treatment | Breast Cancer | preclinical | — | Source → |
| FoxO3a May Help Overcome Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer | lab-study | — | Source → |
| Rare Ovarian Cancer Treated with Tamoxifen for 10 Years | Ovarian Cancer | observational | — | Source → |
| Cost-Effectiveness of Breast Cancer Treatment in China | Breast Cancer | phase-3 | — | Source → |
| Tamoxifen Linked to Eye Damage in Some Cancer Patients | Breast Cancer | review | — | Source → |
| Monitoring Tamoxifen Metabolite May Improve Breast Cancer Treatment | Breast Cancer | phase-2 | — | Source → |
| Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer May Be Reversed with New Treatment | Breast Cancer | lab-study | Inhibition of CHK2 by CCT241533 could reverse tamoxifen resistance in vitro and in vivo. | Source → |
| Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer Linked to Metabolic and Hypoxia Changes | Breast Cancer | lab-study | A predictive model was constructed with 88.3% sensitivity and 91.6% specificity to estimate tamoxifen resistance in BC patients. | Source → |
| miR-489 Regulates Estrogen Signaling in Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer | lab-study | Loss of miR-489 expression promoted tamoxifen resistance, while overexpression of miR-489 in tamoxifen-resistant cells restored tamoxifen sensitivity. | Source → |
| Tamoxifen and Oleosin: A Potential Combination for Breast Cancer Treatment | Breast Cancer | lab-study | Tamoxifen was predicted to have the highest activity in MCF7 cell lines, with a binding affinity of -5.26 kcal/mol. | Source → |
| Glycyrrhizic Acid May Help Breast Cancer Cells Respond to Tamoxifen | Breast Cancer | lab-study | — | Source → |
| Tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells may be targeted by YAP/TAZ | Breast Cancer | lab-study | — | Source → |
| ATG4A protein linked to breast cancer progression | Breast Cancer | lab-study | — | Source → |
| HBXIP's Role in Breast Cancer Resistance to Tamoxifen | Breast Cancer | lab-study | HBXIP deficiency promotes EnR-associated degradation, enhances UPR-element reporter activity, and attenuates the growth of TamR cells in vitro and in vivo. | Source → |
| Combining Tamoxifen with Cholesterol Depletor May Help Overcome Breast Cancer Resistance | Breast Cancer | lab-study | — | Source → |
| Paeoniflorin May Help Overcome Breast Cancer Resistance to Tamoxifen | Breast Cancer | lab-study | — | Source → |
| Men with Early-Stage Breast Cancer Often Stop Taking Tamoxifen | Breast Cancer | observational | — | Source → |
| Researchers Explore Tamoxifen's Structure to Improve Breast Cancer Treatment | Breast Cancer | lab-study | — | Source → |
| Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer Linked to Epitranscriptomic Mechanism | Breast Cancer | lab-study | — | Source → |
| NR4A1 Gene May Help Overcome Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer | lab-study | — | Source → |
| Tamoxifen Treatment Affects Estrogen Receptors in Some Breast Cancer Patients | Breast Cancer | observational | — | Source → |
| Bacteria's Impact on Breast Cancer Treatment | Breast Cancer | lab-study | — | Source → |
| Estradiol Levels in Male Breast Cancer Patients | Breast Cancer | phase-2 | After 3 months, median estradiol levels decreased by 85% with tamoxifen plus GnRHa and by 72% with AI plus GnRHa. | Source → |
| Circular RNA hsa_circ_0025202 May Help Overcome Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer | lab-study | — | Source → |
| Understanding Resistance to Breast Cancer Treatment | Breast Cancer | lab-study | — | Source → |
| Tamoxifen and Other Compounds Show Promise in Treating Aggressive Prostate Cancer | Prostate Cancer | lab-study | — | Source → |
| Tamoxifen May Help Reduce Breast Cancer Risk in Radiation Survivors | Breast Cancer | phase-2 | Participants taking low-dose tamoxifen had significantly lower mammographic dense area (p = 0.02) and IGF1 levels (p < 0.0001), and higher IGFBP-3 levels (p = 0.02). | Source → |
| Zeylonone May Help Overcome Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer | Breast Cancer | lab-study | — | Source → |
| Tamoxifen Affects Breast Cancer Cell Movement | Breast Cancer | lab-study | — | Source → |
This information is provided for general education only and is not medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making treatment decisions.